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Emission norms in India- an Outlook

Under the BS VI standards, Nox levels to be reduced 25% for petrol and 68% for diesel and the latter would have a reduction of 82% of PM.

Date: May 17, 2023

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Emission norms in India- an Outlook

With the world tackling against the phenomenal outcome of the climate change, vehicular emissions through transportation means contribute 28% to the greenhouse emissions.  Countries at global level are undertaking measures to reduce the pollutants caused by combustion of petrol and diesel. With respect to India, the county has adopted the Bharat Emission Standards that regulates the emissions of harmful pollutants responsible for Greenhouse gas emissions.

Major Pollutants

Combustion of petrol and diesel lead to production of notorious gases such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), different oxides of Nitrogen (Nox), Hydrocarbons (HC), carbon soot or Particulate Matter (PM) which would be released.

Bharat stage Emission Standards

The Bharat stage emission standards are the emission standards similar to the EURO standards, instituted by the Government of India to control emissions from internal combustion engines. This was first rolled out in the year 2000 as India 2000.

Standard

Reference

In effect from

Region

India 2000

Euro 1

2000

Nationwide

Bharat Stage II

Euro 2

2001

National Capital Region or NCR (encompasses Delhi and the surrounding urban cities), Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

2003

NCR, 10 cities

2005

Nationwide

Bharat Stage III

Euro 3

2005

NCR, 10* cities

2010

Nationwide

Bharat Stage IV

Euro 4

2014

30+ cities and other places BS III

2017

Nationwide

Bharat Stage VI

Euro 6

2020

Nationwide

Bharat Stage VI (Phase 2)

Euro 6

2023

Nationwide

India 2000 Norms

Pollutants

Petrol Vehicles

Two-wheelers

Diesel Vehicles

Carbon Monoxide (g/km)

2.72-6.90

2

2.72–6.90

HC (g/km)

-

-

-

NOx (g/km)

-

-

-

PM

-

-

0.14-0.25

HC+NOx (g/km)

0.97-1.70

2

0.97-1.70

 

BS II Norms

Pollutant

Petrol Vehicles

Two-wheelers

Diesel Vehicles

Carbon Monoxide (g/km)

2.2-5.0

1.5

1.0–1.5

HC (g/km)

-

-

-

NOx (g/km)

-

-

-

PM

-

-

0.08-0.17

HC+NOx (g/km)

0.5-0.7

1.5

0.7–1.2

 

BS III Norms

Pollutant

Petrol Vehicles

Two-wheelers

Diesel Vehicles

Carbon Monoxide (g/km)

2.3

1

0.64

HC (g/km)

0.2

-

-

NOx (g/km)

0.15

-

0.5

PM

0.05

-

0.05

HC+NOx (g/km)

0.35

1

0.56

BS IV Norms

Pollutant

Petrol Vehicles

Two-wheelers

Diesel Vehicles

Carbon Monoxide (g/km)

1

1.97

0.5

HC (g/km)

0.1

-

-

NOx (g/km)

0.08

0.39

0.25

PM

-

-

-

HC+NOx (g/km)

-

0.20 - 0.79

0.025

BS VI Norms

Pollutant

Petrol Vehicles

Two-wheelers

Diesel Vehicles

Carbon Monoxide (g/km)

1

1

0.5

HC (g/km)

0.1

0.1

-

NOx (g/km)

0.06

0.06

0.08

PM

0.0045

0.0045

0.0045

HC+NOx (g/km)

-

0.068

0.17

Emissions Lowering- BS VI

Under the BS VI standards, Nox levels to be reduced 25% for petrol and 68% for diesel and the latter would  have a reduction of 82% of PM.

Impact of regulating Emission standards

Though this would reduce the emission levels of harmful particles, the performance of the vehicle and its fuel efficiency would be hit. Which means the combustion process of a regulated engine is lower comparatively to its predecessor variant. Even this increases the back pressure of the engine which poses a threat to the lifetime of an engine.

Cost wise variation

The latest BS VI vehicles are more in cost compared to their predecessor variants where a petrol variant of the car hikes price upto INR 20,000 but a diesel variant would shoot in an increase between INR 80,000 to 100,000.

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